\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{2130}

\begin{document}
\section{This is a section header}

This is a section about sections (how ironic!). Sections are useful for 
dividing your project into manageable chunks. The sections that are 
probably most useful for a Math 2130 paper are the Introduction, 
Methodology, Results and Analysis, and Conclusion.

Notice that section numbering, choice of fonts, and so on, are taken care 
of for you.

\subsection{This is a subsection header}

You can also have subsections. Don't get carried away, though!

\subsubsection{This is a subsubsection header}

See, now it's just starting to get silly.

\section{Formatting text}

Simple text formatting in \LaTeX\ works by enclosing text in curly 
brackets (more properly called braces) and then applying one or more 
commands within the braces. For instance, you can make text appear in {\bf 
boldface} or {\it italics}.

Surprisingly, \underline{underlining} is handled differently in \LaTeX. 
This is for reasons of typesetting philosophy that probably don't interest 
you. What it boils down to is that you shouldn't use underlining in most 
instances: use italics instead.

You can also introduce a variety of font sizes: {\small small}, 
{\footnotesize smaller}, {\scriptsize even smaller}, {\tiny smallest}, and 
{\large big}, {\Large bigger}, {\LARGE even bigger}, {\huge really big}, 
and {\Huge biggest}.

You can combine these commands as well. So, for instance, you could 
produce {\it\huge really big text in italics}.

\section{Environments}

More complicated typesetting in \LaTeX\ is usually achieved using 
different environments. For example, we can center text:
\begin{center}
this text is centred
\end{center}
We can also right-align text:
\begin{flushright}
this text is right-aligned
\end{flushright}
\LaTeX\ offers many, many environments which accomplish different things.

\section{Spacing}

One thing people find peculiar about \LaTeX\ is that it's very picky about 
how it deals with spacing.

Here I've put one space between the words:
\begin{center}
Hello world
\end{center}

Here I've put twenty spaces between them:
\begin{center}
Hello                    world
\end{center}

But \LaTeX\ produces the same output in each case! This is because \LaTeX\ 
ignores any whitespace that it considers redundant. The same is true of 
tabs and separating text on different lines, but without any blank lines 
in-between.

Paragraphs are separated by one or more blank lines. Again, though, it 
doesn't matter if you use one blank line or a thousand: \LaTeX\ will 
ignore any extra blank lines.

\section{Special text}

You might have noticed that we were able to produce the \LaTeX\ symbol in 
this document very simply, because there's a \LaTeX\ command to do it. 
Many symbols can be created in a similar way. Note that, unlike most 
symbols, the \LaTeX\ symbol doesn't include a space after it, which is why 
we include an extra backlash at the end of the command (this forces a 
space when we need one). If we leave out the extra backslash, the \LaTeX 
symbol runs into the next word. This isn't something you'll have to worry 
about often, but it's worth noting just in case.

Symbols which are ``special'' characters in \LaTeX\ are treated in much 
the same way. You can usually reproduce these characters as text by 
putting a backslash in front of them: \$, \%, \& \{, \}, etc.

One thing that's handled slightly differently is quotes. You can put
`single' or ``double'' quotes around words, and you should be careful to
ensure that the open or close the proper way.

\section{Lists}

Lists are very easy to make in \LaTeX. You can make enumerated lists:

\begin{enumerate}
\item step one

\item step two 

\item step three
\begin{enumerate}  
\item a sub-step

\item another sub-step

\item a final sub-step
\end{enumerate} 

\item step four

\end{enumerate}

In almost exactly the same way, you can make itemized lists:

\begin{itemize}
\item a point

\item another point
\begin{itemize} 
\item a sub-point
\end{itemize}

\item a final point   
\begin{itemize} 
\item and a couple of

\item sub-points here too
\end{itemize}  

\end{itemize}

Because enumerated and itemized lists and constructed in virtually the
same way, it's very easy to switch back and forth between them. Also note
that \LaTeX\ takes care of the numering of an enumerated lists, so you can
add new items and switch their order without having to worry about things.

\section{Tables} 

Tables have a slightly more complicated structure. We have to provide
additional information about how many columns there will be, and how the
text in them should be aligned. The options are:

\begin{tabular}{cl}
\bf option & \bf what it does\\
l & left-aligns text (like this)\\
c & centres text\\
r & right-aligns text
\end{tabular}

You can also include vertical lines and horizontal lines in your table, as
in Table~\ref{Example}.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|ccc|}
\hline
\bf Movie & \bf Year & \bf Genre & \bf Oscars\\
\hline
\it Casablanca & 1942 & Drama & 3\\
{\it Rear Window} (not the remake) & 1954 & Thriller & 0\\
\it Some Like it Hot & 1959 & Comedy & 1\\
\it The Wizard of Oz & 1939 & Fantasy & 2\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{A list of great films.}
\label{Example}
\end{table}

Note that, in this example, we've placed the table in a float environment 
so that \LaTeX\ can decide its best placement. It also means that we can 
give a concise but descriptive caption. Tables and figures are usually 
best placed in their respective float environments.

\end{document}
